Tuesday, July 28, 2015

LED Technology

LEDs

Light emitting diodes, These are electronic components that produce light by conversion of electrical energy directly to light by the movement of electrons within the material of the diode. They are important because due to their efficiency and low energy, they are beginning to replace most conventional light sources.

The P-N junction is the basis of the functioning of the LED. The LED has an anode and a cathode separated by a crystal of semiconductor material. Addition of impurities to the semiconductor material produces P-N junctions within the chip. The entire assembly is housed within a plastic cover that can also double up as a lens to guide the light emitted by the LED.

Centrifugal Pumps ( Part 1)

The centrifugal pump is the most used pump type in the world. The principle is simple, well-described and thoroughly tested, and the pump is robust, effective and relatively inexpensive to produce. There is a wide range of variations based on the principle of the centrifugal pump and consisting of the same basic hydraulic parts.

What is the Pump

What is the pump :

pumps are mechanical devices that impart energy to a fluid .They are not only very useful, but are excellent examples of hydrostatics. Irrigation Pumps lift water from one elevation to a higher level , overcome friction losses during conveyance , provide pressure for sprinkler operation , and inject chemicals into irrigation systems . Irrigation pumps use mechanical energy to increase the potential pressure and kinetic energy of the irrigation water .

Lighting Behavior:

- Reflection
- Absorption
- Transmission
- Refraction
- Interference

Lighting Basics

What is the Lighting ?

Light is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by our eyes. The wavelength range is between 380 and 780 nm.

Synchronous motor

Synchronous motor and induction motor are the most widely used types of AC motor. Construction of a synchronous motor is similar to an alternator ( Ac Generator ) . A same synchronous machine can be used as a synchronous motor or as an alternator. Synchronous motors are available in a wide range, generally rated between 150kW to 15MW with speeds ranging from 150 to 1800 rpm.

Induction motors are the most commonly used electrical machines. They are cheaper, more rugged and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives.

Single Phase Induction Motor

Single Phase Induction Motor

The single-phase induction machine is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth.
The single-phase motor stator has a laminated iron core with two windings arranged perpendicularly.
One is the main and The other is the auxiliary winding or starting winding

Motors

Motors vs Engines

• Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy.
• Engines convert chemical energy to mechanical energy.

UNITS OF ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT

System Internationale (SI) Metric System

Electrical units of measurement are based on the International (metric) System, also known as the SI System. Units of electrical measurement include the following:

Ampere

Volt

Ohm

Siemens

Watt

Henry

Farad

ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

Knowledge of key electrical terminology is necessary to fully understand principles in electrical science.

Analysis of One MW Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Design

· Major Components of PV System.

1. PV Module.

2. Solar Charge Controller.

3. Inverter.

4. Battery Bank.

5. Load.

The Transformer

The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are:

• The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux.

• The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source.
• The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding
and delivers it to the load.
• The enclosure, which protects the transformer from dirt, moisture, and
mechanical damage.

Electrical power Transmission Line

Flip on the lights, and you’re completing a circuit that connects your light bulb to the wires that serve your house, to the larger wires that serve your neighborhood and, ultimately, to a network of high capacity wires that deliver power over great distances. This network the power transmission system is complex, costly and critical to the nation’s economy and way of life. Many of those who influence the electric industry, however, lack a good understanding of the transmission system.

What is the power plant ?

A power plant is and industrial location which is used for the generation and distribution of electrical power .

Types of power station ?